Module 4.5: Tetragon - eBPF Runtime Security

Complexity: [MEDIUM]

Time to Complete: 90 minutes Prerequisites: Module 4.3 (Falco basics), Understanding of Linux syscalls, Basic Kubernetes security concepts Learning Objectives:

Understand eBPF-based runtime security
Deploy Tetragon for kernel-level threat detection
Write TracingPolicies for custom security rules
Block malicious actions at the kernel level before they complete

What You’ll Be Able to Do

After completing this module, you will be able to:

Deploy Tetragon for eBPF-based runtime security enforcement with kernel-level visibility
Configure TracingPolicy resources to monitor and block process execution, file access, and network connections
Implement Tetragon’s real-time enforcement to kill processes violating security policies at the kernel level
Compare Tetragon’s eBPF enforcement approach against Falco’s detection-only model for defense-in-depth

Why This Module Matters

Traditional runtime security tools like Falco detect threats by watching syscalls from userspace and alerting after the fact. By the time you see the alert, the malicious command has already executed. You’re always one step behind the attacker.

Tetragon changes the game by operating inside the kernel.

Using eBPF, Tetragon can observe and enforce security policies at the kernel level. It doesn’t just detect the cryptominer starting—it can kill the process before the first instruction executes. It doesn’t just log the data exfiltration—it can block the network connection at the packet level.

“With Falco, you detect the attack and respond. With Tetragon, you prevent the attack from happening.”

Did You Know?

Tetragon can kill a process mid-syscall, before the syscall completes
A single Tetragon policy can block entire attack chains—from binary execution to network exfiltration
Tetragon sees inside encrypted connections when you’re blocking at the syscall level
Tetragon is maintained by Isovalent, the company behind Cilium and Hubble
The name comes from a geometric shape—representing the structured, precise nature of eBPF programs
Tetragon can enforce security without ever touching the application—no sidecars, no code changes

Falco vs Tetragon: Understanding the Difference

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        Falco Architecture                               │
│                                                                         │
│  ┌────────────┐    ┌────────────┐    ┌────────────┐    ┌────────────┐  │
│  │ Application│───▶│   Kernel   │───▶│   Falco    │───▶│   Alert    │  │
│  │ executes   │    │ (syscall)  │    │ (userspace)│    │ (after)    │  │
│  │ malware    │    │            │    │ detects    │    │            │  │
│  └────────────┘    └────────────┘    └────────────┘    └────────────┘  │
│                                                                         │
│  Timeline: [malware executes] ──────▶ [detection] ──────▶ [response]   │
│                                        (too late)                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                       Tetragon Architecture                             │
│                                                                         │
│  ┌────────────┐    ┌────────────────────────────────┐                  │
│  │ Application│───▶│            Kernel              │                  │
│  │ tries to   │    │  ┌─────────────────────────┐   │                  │
│  │ execute    │    │  │  Tetragon eBPF program  │   │                  │
│  │ malware    │    │  │  - Detect pattern       │   │                  │
│  └────────────┘    │  │  - SIGKILL process      │   │                  │
│        ▲           │  │  - Block syscall        │   │                  │
│        │           │  └─────────────────────────┘   │                  │
│        │           └────────────────────────────────┘                  │
│        │                         │                                      │
│        │                         ▼                                      │
│        │ Process killed     ┌────────────┐                             │
│        └───────────────────│   Alert    │                              │
│          before execution   │ (during)   │                             │
│                             └────────────┘                              │
│                                                                         │
│  Timeline: [attempt] ───▶ [blocked + alert] (prevented)                │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Aspect	Falco	Tetragon
Detection Location	Userspace	Kernel (eBPF)
Response Capability	Alert only	Alert + Block + Kill
Latency	~milliseconds	~microseconds
Attack Prevention	After the fact	In real-time
Enforcement	External (needs separate tools)	Built-in
Process Context	Available	Rich (file descriptors, arguments, environment)

Tetragon Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         Kubernetes Cluster                              │
│                                                                         │
│  ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                     kube-system namespace                         │ │
│  │  ┌────────────────────┐  ┌────────────────────────────────────┐  │ │
│  │  │  Tetragon Operator │  │  TracingPolicy CRDs                │  │ │
│  │  └────────────────────┘  │  - file-monitoring                 │  │ │
│  │                          │  - process-execution               │  │ │
│  │                          │  - network-connections             │  │ │
│  │                          └────────────────────────────────────┘  │ │
│  └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                                                                         │
│  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐  ┌───────────────┐              │
│  │    Node 1     │  │    Node 2     │  │    Node 3     │              │
│  │  ┌─────────┐  │  │  ┌─────────┐  │  │  ┌─────────┐  │              │
│  │  │Tetragon │  │  │  │Tetragon │  │  │  │Tetragon │  │              │
│  │  │ Agent   │  │  │  │ Agent   │  │  │  │ Agent   │  │              │
│  │  │(DaemonSet│  │  │  │(DaemonSet│  │  │  │(DaemonSet│  │              │
│  │  └────┬────┘  │  │  └────┬────┘  │  │  └────┬────┘  │              │
│  │       │       │  │       │       │  │       │       │              │
│  │  ┌────┴────┐  │  │  ┌────┴────┐  │  │  ┌────┴────┐  │              │
│  │  │  eBPF   │  │  │  │  eBPF   │  │  │  │  eBPF   │  │              │
│  │  │Programs │  │  │  │Programs │  │  │  │Programs │  │              │
│  │  └────┬────┘  │  │  └────┬────┘  │  │  └────┬────┘  │              │
│  │       │       │  │       │       │  │       │       │              │
│  │  ┌────┴────┐  │  │  ┌────┴────┐  │  │  ┌────┴────┐  │              │
│  │  │ Kernel  │  │  │  │ Kernel  │  │  │  │ Kernel  │  │              │
│  │  └─────────┘  │  │  └─────────┘  │  │  └─────────┘  │              │
│  └───────────────┘  └───────────────┘  └───────────────┘              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Components

Component	Role	Description
Tetragon Agent	Kernel enforcement	DaemonSet that loads eBPF programs
eBPF Programs	Detection & action	Kernel programs that monitor and enforce
TracingPolicy CRD	Policy definition	Kubernetes-native security policies
Tetragon CLI	Debugging	`tetra` command for inspecting events

Installing Tetragon

Option 1: Helm (Recommended)

# Add Cilium Helm repo
helm repo add cilium https://helm.cilium.io
helm repo update

# Install Tetragon
helm install tetragon cilium/tetragon -n kube-system \
  --set tetragon.enableProcessCred=true \
  --set tetragon.enableProcessNs=true

# Verify installation
kubectl -n kube-system get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=tetragon

Option 2: Quick Install (Testing)

# Direct apply
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/tetragon/main/install/kubernetes/tetragon.yaml

# Wait for pods
kubectl -n kube-system wait --for=condition=ready pod -l app.kubernetes.io/name=tetragon --timeout=120s

Install Tetragon CLI

# Install tetra CLI
GOOS=$(go env GOOS)
GOARCH=$(go env GOARCH)
curl -L --remote-name-all https://github.com/cilium/tetragon/releases/latest/download/tetra-${GOOS}-${GOARCH}.tar.gz
sudo tar -C /usr/local/bin -xzvf tetra-${GOOS}-${GOARCH}.tar.gz

Verify Installation

# Check Tetragon status
kubectl -n kube-system logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=tetragon -c tetragon

# Use CLI to see events
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents

TracingPolicy: The Core Concept

TracingPolicy is a Kubernetes CRD that defines what Tetragon monitors and how it responds:

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: example-policy
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "sys_execve"           # Which syscall to monitor
      syscall: true
      args:                         # Capture these arguments
        - index: 0
          type: "string"            # Filename being executed
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Equal"
            values:
              - "/bin/bash"         # Match specific binaries
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill       # Kill the process

TracingPolicy Structure

TracingPolicy
├── kprobes[]              # Kernel probe hooks
│   ├── call               # Function name (syscall or kernel function)
│   ├── syscall            # Is this a syscall?
│   ├── args[]             # Arguments to capture
│   └── selectors[]        # Conditions and actions
│       ├── matchArgs[]    # Match on arguments
│       ├── matchPIDs[]    # Match on process IDs
│       ├── matchNamespaces[]  # Match on namespaces
│       └── matchActions[] # What to do on match
│
├── tracepoints[]          # Kernel tracepoint hooks
└── uprobes[]              # Userspace probe hooks

Practical Security Policies

1. Block Cryptocurrency Miners

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: block-crypto-miners
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "sys_execve"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        # Block known mining binaries
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Postfix"
            values:
              - "xmrig"
              - "cpuminer"
              - "minerd"
              - "cgminer"
              - "bfgminer"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill

2. Prevent Sensitive File Access

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: protect-sensitive-files
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "fd_install"
      syscall: false
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "int"
        - index: 1
          type: "file"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 1
            operator: "Equal"
            values:
              - "/etc/shadow"
              - "/etc/passwd"
              - "/root/.ssh/id_rsa"
              - "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill
            - action: NotifyEnforcer  # Also send alert

3. Block Reverse Shells

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: block-reverse-shells
spec:
  kprobes:
    # Detect shell with network redirect
    - call: "sys_execve"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "string"
        - index: 1
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Postfix"
            values:
              - "bash"
              - "sh"
              - "zsh"
          - index: 1
            operator: "Contains"
            values:
              - "/dev/tcp"
              - "/dev/udp"
              - "nc -e"
              - "bash -i"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill

    # Also block netcat with execute flag
    - call: "sys_execve"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Postfix"
            values:
              - "nc"
              - "ncat"
              - "netcat"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill

4. Detect Container Escape Attempts

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: detect-container-escape
spec:
  kprobes:
    # Detect attempts to access host filesystem
    - call: "sys_openat"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "int"
        - index: 1
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 1
            operator: "Prefix"
            values:
              - "/proc/1/root"      # Host root via PID 1
              - "/host"             # Common host mount path
          matchNamespaces:
            - namespace: Mnt
              operator: NotIn
              values:
                - "4026531840"      # Host mount namespace
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill
            - action: NotifyEnforcer

5. Block Kubectl Exec from Pods

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: block-kubectl-exec
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "sys_execve"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Postfix"
            values:
              - "kubectl"
          matchNamespaces:
            - namespace: Pid
              operator: NotIn
              values:
                - "host"  # Allow from host only
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill

Actions Explained

Action	Effect	Use Case
`Sigkill`	Immediately kill the process	Stop attacks in progress
`Signal`	Send specific signal	Custom process control
`Override`	Override syscall return value	Fake “permission denied”
`NotifyEnforcer`	Send event to userspace	Alerting without blocking
`UnfollowFd`	Stop tracking file descriptor	Performance optimization
`CopyFd`	Copy FD for analysis	Forensics

Override Example: Fake Permission Denied

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: fake-permission-denied
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "sys_openat"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "int"
        - index: 1
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 1
            operator: "Equal"
            values:
              - "/etc/shadow"
          matchActions:
            - action: Override
              argError: -1  # EPERM - Operation not permitted

This returns “Permission denied” without revealing that security monitoring is active.

Monitoring Tetragon Events

Using the CLI

# Stream all events
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents

# Filter by event type
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents --process-exec

# JSON output for processing
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents -o json

# Filter by namespace
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents --namespace production

Event Types

# Process execution events
tetra getevents --process-exec

# Process exit events
tetra getevents --process-exit

# File access events (requires policy)
tetra getevents --process-kprobe

# Network events (requires policy)
tetra getevents --process-kprobe | grep -i "connect"

Exporting to SIEM

# Enable export to stdout (for log collectors)
helm upgrade tetragon cilium/tetragon -n kube-system \
  --set tetragon.export.stdout.enabled=true \
  --set tetragon.export.stdout.format=json

# Events can be collected by Fluentd/Fluent Bit and sent to:
# - Elasticsearch
# - Splunk
# - CloudWatch
# - Any SIEM

War Story: The Zero-Second Response

A financial services company was running a multi-tenant Kubernetes platform. They had Falco deployed and felt secure—until a red team exercise showed a terrifying gap.

The Attack Scenario:

Attacker compromises a web application pod
Downloads and executes a cryptocurrency miner
Falco detects and alerts
Security team responds in 15 minutes
By then, the miner has run for 15 minutes

The Problem:

Falco’s alert arrived in 200ms after execution
But “after execution” means the damage is done
15 minutes of crypto mining = noticeable cloud bill
More critically: 15 minutes to exfiltrate data

The Tetragon Solution:

apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: block-post-exploit-tools
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "sys_execve"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        # Block common post-exploitation binaries
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Postfix"
            values:
              - "wget"
              - "curl"
              - "nc"
              - "ncat"
              - "python"
              - "perl"
              - "ruby"
          matchNamespaces:
            - namespace: Pid
              operator: NotIn
              values:
                - "host"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill
            - action: NotifyEnforcer

The Results:

Red team attempts to download malware: Process killed in 0.003ms
Miner never executes
Alert still fires for investigation
Zero impact from the attack

The Key Insight:

“We went from ‘detect and respond’ to ‘prevent and investigate.’ The attack surface didn’t change—our response time became effectively zero.”

Common Mistakes

Mistake	Problem	Solution
Too broad policies	Kill legitimate processes	Test in audit mode first, narrow selectors
Missing namespace filters	Block host system processes	Always include `matchNamespaces`
Not testing policies	Production breakage	Test in staging with `NotifyEnforcer` only
Blocking curl/wget globally	Break init containers, health checks	Whitelist specific pods/namespaces
Ignoring policy order	Unexpected behavior	Policies are independent, design carefully
Not monitoring events	Miss attacks despite policies	Always collect and analyze Tetragon events

Tetragon + Falco: Defense in Depth

Use both tools together:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Security Architecture                        │
│                                                                 │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                Layer 1: Prevention (Tetragon)            │   │
│  │                                                          │   │
│  │  - Block known-bad binaries (miners, exploit tools)      │   │
│  │  - Prevent sensitive file access                         │   │
│  │  - Kill reverse shell attempts                           │   │
│  │                                                          │   │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                           │                                     │
│                           ▼                                     │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                Layer 2: Detection (Falco)                │   │
│  │                                                          │   │
│  │  - Detect anomalous patterns                             │   │
│  │  - Alert on suspicious behavior                          │   │
│  │  - Rich contextual rules                                 │   │
│  │                                                          │   │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                           │                                     │
│                           ▼                                     │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                Layer 3: Response (SIEM/SOAR)             │   │
│  │                                                          │   │
│  │  - Correlate events                                      │   │
│  │  - Trigger automated responses                           │   │
│  │  - Incident investigation                                │   │
│  │                                                          │   │
│  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Hands-On Exercise: Block a Simulated Attack

Objective: Deploy Tetragon policies to prevent a simulated attack chain.

Setup

# Create test namespace
kubectl create namespace tetragon-demo

# Deploy a vulnerable-ish application (just a shell for demo)
kubectl apply -n tetragon-demo -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: target-app
  labels:
    app: target
spec:
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: ubuntu:22.04
    command: ["/bin/bash", "-c", "apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl netcat-openbsd && sleep infinity"]
EOF

# Wait for pod
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod -n tetragon-demo target-app --timeout=180s

Task 1: Observe Normal Behavior

# Watch Tetragon events in one terminal
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents --namespace tetragon-demo

# In another terminal, simulate normal activity
kubectl exec -n tetragon-demo target-app -- ls /
kubectl exec -n tetragon-demo target-app -- cat /etc/hostname

Task 2: Apply Protection Policy

# Apply a policy to block attack tools
kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: block-attack-tools
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "sys_execve"
      syscall: true
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "string"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 0
            operator: "Postfix"
            values:
              - "curl"
              - "wget"
              - "nc"
              - "ncat"
          matchNamespaces:
            - namespace: Pod
              operator: In
              values:
                - "tetragon-demo"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill
            - action: NotifyEnforcer
EOF

Task 3: Attempt the “Attack”

# Try to use curl (should be killed)
kubectl exec -n tetragon-demo target-app -- curl http://example.com

# You should see:
# command terminated with exit code 137 (SIGKILL)

# Try netcat
kubectl exec -n tetragon-demo target-app -- nc -h

# Also killed immediately

Task 4: Check the Events

# See the enforcement events
kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents -o json | grep -A 20 "SIGKILL"

Task 5: Add File Protection

kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1
kind: TracingPolicy
metadata:
  name: protect-secrets
spec:
  kprobes:
    - call: "fd_install"
      syscall: false
      args:
        - index: 0
          type: "int"
        - index: 1
          type: "file"
      selectors:
        - matchArgs:
          - index: 1
            operator: "Prefix"
            values:
              - "/etc/shadow"
              - "/var/run/secrets"
          matchNamespaces:
            - namespace: Pod
              operator: In
              values:
                - "tetragon-demo"
          matchActions:
            - action: Sigkill
EOF

# Try to read /etc/shadow
kubectl exec -n tetragon-demo target-app -- cat /etc/shadow
# Process killed

Success Criteria

Observed normal events in Tetragon output
Applied the block-attack-tools policy
Confirmed curl/wget/nc are killed immediately
Applied the protect-secrets policy
Confirmed sensitive file access is blocked
Viewed enforcement events in Tetragon logs

Cleanup

kubectl delete namespace tetragon-demo
kubectl delete tracingpolicy block-attack-tools protect-secrets

Quiz

Question 1

What is the fundamental difference between Falco and Tetragon?

Show Answer

Falco detects threats in userspace and alerts; Tetragon can prevent threats at the kernel level

Tetragon uses eBPF to operate inside the kernel, allowing it to block syscalls and kill processes before malicious actions complete. Falco monitors syscalls from userspace and alerts after the fact.

Question 2

What action immediately terminates a process in Tetragon?

Show Answer

action: Sigkill

This sends SIGKILL to the process, terminating it immediately without allowing cleanup. The process is killed before the monitored syscall completes.

Question 3

What is a TracingPolicy in Tetragon?

Show Answer

A Kubernetes CRD that defines what Tetragon monitors and how it responds

TracingPolicy allows you to specify kprobes (kernel probes), tracepoints, or uprobes with selectors for matching conditions and actions to take when matches occur.

Question 4

How can you make Tetragon return “Permission denied” without killing the process?

Show Answer

Use action: Override with argError: -1 (EPERM)

This overrides the syscall return value to make it appear that permission was denied, without revealing that security monitoring blocked the attempt.

Question 5

Why should you include matchNamespaces in Tetragon policies?

Show Answer

To avoid blocking legitimate system processes and to scope policies to specific namespaces

Without namespace filters, policies might kill essential system processes. The filter ensures policies only apply to intended workloads.

Question 6

What command streams Tetragon events in real-time?

Show Answer

kubectl exec -n kube-system -ti ds/tetragon -c tetragon -- tetra getevents

The tetra getevents command connects to the Tetragon agent and streams events. Add --namespace to filter by Kubernetes namespace.

Question 7

When should you use Tetragon vs Falco?

Show Answer

Use Tetragon for prevention of known-bad actions; use Falco for detection of suspicious patterns

Tetragon excels at blocking specific, known-malicious behaviors. Falco excels at detecting anomalous patterns that might indicate novel attacks. Use both for defense in depth.

Question 8

What is a kprobe in Tetragon?

Show Answer

A hook into a kernel function that allows monitoring and taking action when that function is called

Kprobes are eBPF programs attached to kernel functions. When the function is called (like sys_execve for process execution), the kprobe runs and can inspect arguments, apply selectors, and take actions.

Key Takeaways

Tetragon operates in the kernel - blocks attacks before they complete
TracingPolicy is the core abstraction - Kubernetes-native security rules
Sigkill stops processes immediately - zero-second response time
Override fakes errors - stealth defense without revealing monitoring
Namespace filters are essential - scope policies to specific workloads
Use with Falco, not instead of - prevention + detection = defense in depth
Test policies carefully - too broad = production breakage
Export events for analysis - blocking is half the story
Low overhead - eBPF is production-safe
Kernel-level visibility - sees what applications can’t hide

Next Module

Continue to Module 4.6: KubeArmor to learn about runtime security policies with least-privilege enforcement.

Module 4.5: Tetragon - eBPF Runtime Security

Complexity: [MEDIUM]

What You’ll Be Able to Do

Why This Module Matters

Did You Know?

Falco vs Tetragon: Understanding the Difference

Tetragon Architecture

Components

Installing Tetragon

Option 1: Helm (Recommended)

Option 2: Quick Install (Testing)

Install Tetragon CLI

Verify Installation

TracingPolicy: The Core Concept

TracingPolicy Structure

Practical Security Policies

1. Block Cryptocurrency Miners

2. Prevent Sensitive File Access

3. Block Reverse Shells

4. Detect Container Escape Attempts

5. Block Kubectl Exec from Pods

Actions Explained

Override Example: Fake Permission Denied

Monitoring Tetragon Events

Using the CLI

Event Types

Exporting to SIEM

War Story: The Zero-Second Response

Common Mistakes

Tetragon + Falco: Defense in Depth

Hands-On Exercise: Block a Simulated Attack

Setup

Task 1: Observe Normal Behavior

Task 2: Apply Protection Policy

Task 3: Attempt the “Attack”

Task 4: Check the Events

Task 5: Add File Protection

Success Criteria

Cleanup

Quiz

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Key Takeaways

Further Reading

Next Module